Pulmonary embolism is a condition in which a blood clot becomes stuck in an artery of the lungs, blocking blood flow to that area. The most common underlying cause is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It is a serious condition that can be fatal if not treated.
What Is the Life Expectancy of an Individual After a Pulmonary Embolism Attack?
In the U.S., the reported mortality rate from blood clots ranges from about 5–15%, though this may be higher or lower depending on individual circumstances. Approximately 1 to 2 people per 1,000 annually are affected by pulmonary embolism in the U.S., and it is the third leading cause of cardiovascular-related death. In most cases, deep vein thrombosis is the underlying issue, with death occurring when a clot or clots travel to the lungs and cause a blockage.
Sudden death from pulmonary embolism occurs in around 25% of people with the condition, sometimes without other symptoms. According to research cited in the original source material, about 23% of people with pulmonary embolism die within the first 3 months of diagnosis, 30% mortality is seen within 6 months, and 37% within one year of diagnosis.
Causes of Pulmonary Embolism
An embolus often forms from a blood clot inside a vein outside the lungs — most commonly deep vein thrombosis in the thigh or pelvis. A family history of blood clots or clotting disorders increases risk. It may occur after:
- Childbirth
- Heart attack
- Heart surgery
- Stroke
- Severe injuries such as burns or fractures of the hip or thigh bone
- Bone, joint, or brain surgery
- A long plane or car ride
- Birth control pills
- Estrogen therapy
- Long-term bed rest
- Staying in one position for a long time
Disorders that may contribute include inherited clotting tendencies, such as antithrombin III deficiency, and immune diseases that impair normal clotting.
Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism
- Chest pain under the breastbone or on one side of the chest — sharp, stabbing, burning, dull aching, or heavy, and worse with deep breathing
- Wanting to bend over to relieve chest pain
- Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting
- Hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels)
- Wheezing
- Rapid heart rate
- Anxiousness
- Leg pain, redness, or swelling
- Low blood pressure
- Sudden coughing up of blood or bloody mucus
- Shortness of breath starting abruptly during sleep or exertion
- Low-grade fever
- Cyanosis (bluish skin)
Final Words
Tests are available to detect a blood clot lodged in the lungs. Contact your pulmonologist immediately if you notice any of the signs above.
Medical Disclaimer: This article is for general educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition.